TANTANGAN BUDIDAYA KARET DALAM KONDISI PERUBAHAN IKLIM GLOBAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.wp.v38i2.657Keywords:
Hevea brasiliensis, pemanasan global, cekaman lingkungan, patogen, manajemen budidayaAbstract
Kesadaran terhadap dampak pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim perlu terus ditingkatkan. Artikel ini menyampaikan perubahan kondisi iklim saat ini dan dampaknya terhadap kultur teknis tanaman karet. Dampak pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim meliputi peningkatan suhu dan kekeringan yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman, memperpanjang periode tanaman belum menghasilkan (TBM), menurunkan hasil, dan meningkatkan potensi kejadian kering alur sadap (KAS). Anomali cuaca juga dapat menyebabkan curah hujan berlebihan yang dapat mengganggu kegiatan panen, menyebabkan kehilangan hasil dan meningkatkan serangan penyakit daun dan akar. Ancaman lain adalah evolusi gulma menjadi lebih agresif dan sulit dikendalikan. Artikel ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya perakitan klon yang adaptif terhadap perubahan iklim global. Pada bagian akhir disampaikan upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meminimalisir dampak perubahan iklim pada tanaman karet antara lain penanaman tanaman penutup tanah, pembuatan rorak dan konservasi air untuk mengurangi dampak kekeringan; penerapan sistem penyadapan tipologi klon, diagnosis lateks dan manajemen panel sadap untuk pencegahan KAS;Â pengolahan lahan, penggunaan bahan kimia dan agensia hayati untuk pengendalian penyakit jamur akar putih (JAP); modifikasi jarak tanam dan penggunaan tanaman pemecah angin untuk antisipasi serangan angin; penggunaan pelindung hujan mengurangi kehilangan hasil; serta pengendalian gulma terpadu dan tumpang sari untuk menekan pertumbuhan gulma di areal tanaman karet.
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