ANALISIS KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMISKINAN PETANI KARET DI KECAMATAN BANYUASIN III KABUPATEN BANYUASIN SUMATERA SELATAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.wp.v44i1.1065Keywords:
petani karet, ketimpangan pendapatan, tingkat kemiskinanAbstract
Perkebunan karet merupakan salah satu komoditas utama Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, dengan produksi terbesar di Indonesia, di mana 90% dihasilkan oleh petani karet rakyat. Selain itu, komoditas karet juga menyumbang devisa negara sebesar 109 triliun pada tahun 2021. Harga karet yang tidak stabil berdampak pada pendapatan petani karet rakyat. Pendapatan yang berfluktuasi menyebabkan distribusi pendapatan petani menjadi tidak stabil, sehingga mempengaruhi kemampuan petani dalam memenuhi kebutuhan keluarganya. Penelitian diperlukan untuk mengukur ketimpangan pendapatan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Kecamatan Banyuasin III. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2023 di Kecamatan Banyuasin III dengan menggunakan 42 petani sampel dari 4 Desa. Lokasi pengambilan sampel sengaja dipilih dengan pertimbangan bahwa Kecamatan Banyuasin III merupakan salah satu penghasil karet di Kabupaten Banyuasin. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner, dan pengolahan data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis rasio Gini untuk melihat tingkat ketimpangan pendapatan, sedangkan tingkat kemiskinan dinilai dengan menyamakan total pengeluaran petani sampel dengan beras. Karakteristik petani karet menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar berpendidikan sekolah dasar, yaitu sebesar 55%, sementara sisanya tersebar di tingkat sekolah menengah pertama dan sekolah menengah atas. Mayoritas petani berusia 46-55 tahun, yaitu sebesar 36%. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, tingkat ketimpangan di antara para petani karet masih tergolong rendah, dengan rasio Gini sebesar 0,29. Namun, jika dilihat dari garis kemiskinan, masih terdapat petani yang masuk dalam kategori paling miskin 5%, sangat miskin 2%, miskin 7% dan tidak miskin 86%. Upaya yang perlu dilakukan untuk menjaga ketimpangan pendapatan petani adalah menciptakan pasar yang transparan dan efisien, hilirisasi produk dan adanya dukungan dari para stakeholder.
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