POTENSI KARET ALAM SEBAGAI BAHAN LEM : STUDI KINERJA DAN FORMULASI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.wp.v44i1.1128Keywords:
perekat alami, karet alam, lem sintetis, formulasiAbstract
Karet alam merupakan komoditas perkebunan utama di Indonesia yang memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap devisa negara dan penyediaan lapangan kerja. Pada tahun 2022, total produksi karet alam Indonesia mencapai 3,13 juta ton. Namun, sebagian besar produksi karet alam Indonesia di ekspor dalam bentuk karet mentah, sementara konsumsi karet alam di dalam negeri hanya sebesar 20% dari total karet alam yang di produksi. Untuk meningkatkan konsumsi domestik, diperlukan upaya diversifikasi produk, salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan karet alam sebagai bahan baku lem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi karet alam sebagai bahan lem alami melalui uji kualitatif. Lem yang dibuat telah diuji waktu rekat terhadap material seperti kertas, kain, busa, dan kayu, serta ketahanan terhadap beban tarik. Pada pengujian waktu rekat lem menunjukkan bahwa lem formulasi II dengan fomula II-H (70% lateks pekat : 30% pengental) dan I (60% lateks pekat : 30% pengental : 10% resin) memiliki daya adhesi lebih baik dibanding formula lainnya. Sedangkan, pada pengujian ketahanan beban, lem karet alam (formula II-H) hanya dapat menahan beban sebesar 44 kg, sedangkan lem sintetis jenis PVAC dapat menahan beban hingga lebih dari 50 kg. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa karet alam memiliki potensi sebagai bahan lem alami, meskipun perlu pengembangan lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan kekuatan dan kestabilan adhesinya agar mampu bersaing dengan lem sintetis.
Author Biography
Dina Eka Pranata, Pusat Penelitian Karet Indonesia
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