STRATEGI ADAPTASI TANAMAN KARET DALAM MENGHADAPI CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN: SEBUAH TINJAUAN METODE SELEKSI KLON KARET TOLERAN KEKERINGAN

Andi Nur Cahyo

doi:10.22302/ppk.wp.v44i2.1263

Authors

Andi Nur Cahyo Sembawa Research Centre, Indonesian Rubber Research Institute http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2580-2600

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.wp.v44i2.1263

Keywords:

antioksidan, Hevea brasiliensis, indeks faktor kekeringan (drought factor index, DFI), perpendaran klorofil (chlorophyll fluorescence, CF), spesies oksigen reaktif (reactive oxygen species, ROS)

Abstract

Dalam budidaya tanaman karet, perlu dilakukan seleksi klon karet tahan kekeringan sebagai antisipasi fenomena pemanasan global yang saat ini sedang terjadi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan parameter-parameter seleksi tanaman karet toleran kekeringan yang berkaitan dengan strategi drought tolerance dan drought avoidance. Mekanisme pertahanan tanaman dalam kondisi lingkungan yang kering dengan menggunakan strategi drought tolerance dapat melibatkan mekanisme enzimatik maupun non-enzimatik. Mekanisme pertahanan non-enzimatik meliputi penetralisiran ROS melalui bermacam substansi antioksidan non-enzimatik, misalnya prolin, glutathione (GSH), asam askorbat (AsA), karotenoid, dan flavonoid. Pada strategi adaptasi drought tolerance dengan mekanisme enzimatik, terdapat beberapa jenis yang terlibat, misalnya superoksida dismutase (SOD), peroksidase (POD), katalase (CAT), askorbat peroksidase (APX), dan glutathione peroksidase (GPX). Untuk mekanisme drought avoidance meliputi adaptasi tanaman dapat melalui pemanjangan akar, pengaturan bukaan stomata, dan chlorophyll fluorescence (CF). Parameter CF dapar dipergunakan untuk menghitung drought factor index (DFI). Dari beberapa parameter tersebut, salah satu parameter non-destructive yang dapat diamati dalam waktu yang relative singkat adalah DFI.

Kata kunci: antioksidan, Hevea brasiliensis, fluoresensi klorofil, indeks faktor kekeringan, ROS

Author Biography

Andi Nur Cahyo, Sembawa Research Centre, Indonesian Rubber Research Institute

Agronomy

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