KARAKTERISTIK STOMATA DAN KUTIKULA TANAMAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.) ASAL EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.wp.v45i1.1265Keywords:
Hevea brasiliensis, tanaman karet, morfologi daun, klonAbstract
Embriogenesis somatik adalah proses pembentukan embrio tanaman yang berasal dari sel somatik (sel tubuh), bukan dari hasil pembuahan (zigot), dan biasanya terjadi secara in vitro dalam kondisi kultur jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi kerapatan stomata dan ketebalan kutikula pada beberapa klon tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) hasil embriogenesis somatik dibandingkan klon PB 260, IRR 112, dan RRIC 100. Sampel daun diambil dari kebun entres Pusat Penelitian Karet pada Juli 2025. Preparasi stomata dilakukan menggunakan metode replika, sedangkan preparasi kutikula menggunakan metode irisan tangan. Pengamatan dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya CX33 dan kamera digital Olympus EP50. Kerapatan stomata dihitung per mm², sementara ketebalan kutikula diukur dengan aplikasi EPview 1.2. Hasil menunjukkan semua klon memiliki stomata bertipe anomositik dengan distribusi hipostomatik. Kerapatan stomata tertinggi terdapat pada klon RRIC 100 (231/mm²), diikuti IRR 112 (198/mm²), SE (176/mm²), dan PB 260 (175/mm²). Sebaliknya, ketebalan kutikula tertinggi ditemukan pada klon SE (10,27 µm), diikuti PB 260 (9,48 µm), RRIC 100 (9,44 µm), dan IRR 112 (7,64 µm). Variasi anatomi ini menunjukkan perbedaan karakter fisiologis antar klon, tetapi hubungan dengan efisiensi penggunaan air atau toleransi cekaman tidak diuji dalam penelitian ini. Oleh karena itu, temuan ini hanya memberikan indikasi awal bahwa kerapatan stomata dan ketebalan kutikula berpotensi memengaruhi respons tanaman terhadap kondisi lingkungan, yang memerlukan konfirmasi melalui penelitian lanjutan di bawah kondisi cekaman terkontrol.
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