MITIGASI KEKERINGAN PADA PERKEBUNAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) MELALUI PENDEKATAN PHYTOBIOME
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.wp.v39i1.663Keywords:
Hevea brasiliensis, mitigasi, kekeringan, phytobiomeAbstract
El-Nino menimbulkan dampak musim kemarau yang berkepanjangan di wilayah Asia Tenggara termasuk Indonesia. Kekeringan yang terjadi pada saat musim kemarau dapat menurunkan produksi karet hingga 50%. Mitigasi untuk meminimalisir dampak kekeringan tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan phytobiome. Pendekatan phytobiome diharapkan dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman karet terhadap kekeringan baik dengan mekanisme drought tolerance maupun drought avoidance. Selain itu, dengan lingkungan biotik dan abiotik yang mendukung, lengas tanah juga semakin tersedia untuk tanaman. Upaya mitigasi dengan pendekatan phytobiome dilakukan secara komprehensif baik terhadap tanaman, lingkungan hidup tanaman, maupun organisme yang hidup di sekitar tanaman tersebut. Mitigasi dampak kekeringan terhadap tanaman karet dengan pendekatan phytobiome dapat dilakukan dengan perakitan dan adopsi klon-klon unggul toleran kekeringan, penggunaan root trainer untuk memperbaiki arsitektur akar, aplikasi senyawa osmoregulator, aplikasi asam humat, irigasi, penggunaan LCC sebagai mulsa, pembuatan rorak, dan inokulasi jamur mikoriza atau DSE. Penelitian tentang upaya mitigasi tersebut pada tanaman karet masih tergolong minim, sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut agar pertumbuhan dan produksi karet tetap stabil selama terjadi kekeringan.
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