SIFAT FISIOLOGI LATEKS TANAMAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis) AKIBAT PEMBERIAN STIMULAN ORGANIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.wp.v39i1.691Keywords:
latex stimulants, extracted banana rinds, latex physiology, ethrel.Abstract
Teknologi stimulan lateks masih sangat rendah diadopsi oleh petani karet rakyat karena dikhawatirkan dapat membahayakan tanaman dan memiliki harga jual yang cukup tinggi. Ekstrak kulit buah klimakterik dapat digunakan sebagai stimulan lateks organik karena mengandung zat etilen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh jenis stimulan yaitu kovensional (berbahan aktif etefon) dan bahan organik (ektrak kulit buah pisang dan nanas) terhadap produksi dan kondisi fisiologi lateks tanaman karet. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan tersarang dua tahap (two-stage nested design) yaitu: jenis klon  (PB 260, IRR 118, IRR 39, dan IRR 42), dan jenis stimulan (0% tanpa stimulan, Ethrel 2,5%, SP-1, ekstrak kulit buah pisang, dan ekstrak kulit nanas). Stimulan berbahan Ethrel (ET2,5% dan SP-1) dan stimulan ekstrak pisang menghasilkan produksi lateks lebih tinggi dibanding dengan stimulan ekstrak nanas dan kontrol. Stimulan organik memiliki nilai TSC lebih tinggi pada klon IRR 118 dan PB 260. Hasil diagnosa lateks menunjukkan stimulan konvensional maupun organik menghasilkan nilai sukrosa, fosfat anorganik (Pi), dan thiol yang berfluktuatif, namun masih berada pada kisaran batas normal. Kadar sukrosa dan Pi cenderung menurun dan kadar thiol cenderung meningkat terhadap kontrol dengan kisaran nilai sebesar  0,72 – 1,76 mM, 0,06 – 0,13 mM, dan 0,8 – 6,3 mM, secara berturut-turut. Jenis stimulan konvensional menghasilkan nilai penurunan kadar thiol lebih tinggi sehingga relatif memberikan efek fisiologis lebih berat dibandingkan dengan stimulan organik. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa stimulan Ethrel maupun stimulan organik tidak memberikan efek negatif terhadap kondisi fisiologi lateks tanaman karet.
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