PEMUPUKAN DISKRIMINATIF-SELEKTIF: SUATU USULAN MEMPERTAHANKAN PERFORMA TANAMAN MENGHASILKAN DI TENGAH RENDAHNYA HARGA KARET
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.wp.v40i1.703Keywords:
Kata kunci, Hevea brasiliensis, pemupukan, rekomendasi, diskriminatif-selektif.Abstract
Pemupukan dan tenaga kerja (penyadapan dan pengolahan) adalah dua komponen utama yang membutuhkan biaya besar dalam usaha agribisnis karet. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemupukan secara nyata dapat meningkatkan produktifitas tanaman dan meningkatan ketahanan terhadap penyakit daun. Beberapa kajian juga menunjukkan bahwa outbreak penyakit daun pestalotiopsis sp pada tiga tahun terakhir berkorelasi erat dengan defisiensi hara akibat tidak adanya pemupukan. Di perkebunan besar pemupukan sudah dilakukan secara diskriminatif artinya telah mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor spesifik seperti kesehatan tanaman, capaian produktifitas, lingkungan (tanah dan iklim) serta hasil-hasil percobaan pemupukan. Hal ini sangat berbeda dengan perkebunan karet rakyat yang pemupukannya masih menggunakan dosis umum (generik). ketika tren harga karet alam menunjukkan fluktuasi yang sangat dinamis, pemupukan diskriminatif sesuai dengan rekomendasi untuk semua tahun tanam cukup berat untuk dilaksanakan. Pemilihan areal yang dipupuk menjadi penting pada kondisi ini. Pemilihan areal harus mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor eksternal lain seperti analisa ekonomi, proyeksi produksi dan tentunya dengan tidak mengabaikan kesehatan tanaman. Pemupukan yang mempertimbangkan faktor di atas disebut dengan diskriminatif-selektif. Terdapat tiga output yang akan dihasilkan dalam rekomendasi pemupukan diskriminatif-selektif yaitu (1) tanaman dipupuk sesuai dosis anjuran; (2) pengurangan dosis; dan (3) Penundaan pemupukan. Ketepatan dalam pengambilan kebijakan pada pemupukan diskriminatif-selektif sangat ditentukan oleh akurasi dalam perhitungan rekomendasi pemupukan, analisis ekonomi dan kecermatan dalam memproyeksikan kestabilan produksi berdasarkan kondisi tanaman. Â
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