POTENSI PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI KULTUR JARINGAN DALAM PENYIAPAN BAHAN TANAM KARET UNGGUL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.wp.v40i2.803Keywords:
embriogenesis somatik, entres, Hevea brasiliensis, juvenilitas, klon, okulasiAbstract
Berbagai upaya dan pendekatan untuk menghasilkan bahan tanam karet unggul baru dengan kualitas yang lebih baik perlu terus dilakukan baik secara konvensional maupun modern. Penyediaan bahan tanam unggul secara konvensional melalui teknik okulasi masih merupakan pilihan terbaik yang digunakan saat ini di masyarakat dengan pertimbangan efektifitas dan aspek ekonomi yang lebih baik dibanding metode perbanyakan vegetatif lainnya. Namun untuk skala massal, metode tersebut masih menghadapi berbagai kendala seperti keterbatasan batang atas sebagai sumber entres dan biji untuk batang bawah, keterbatasan tenaga okulasi yang terampil, adanya inkompatibilitas batang atas dan batang bawah serta rendahnya juvenilitas sumber mata entres yang digunakan yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman. Perkembangan teknologi modernmelalui kemajuan dibidang bioteknologi kultur jaringan merupakan suatu peluang bagi penyedia bahan tanam karet untuk meningkatkan mutu bahan tanam yang dihasilkan. Permasalahan juvenilitas akibat menurunnya mutu fisiologis entres karet yang telah berumur dan pengaruh batang bawah terhadap pertumbuhan dapat diatasi melalui embriogenesis somatik. Teknologi microcuttingmembantu mengatasi keterbatasan ketersediaan biji sebagai sumber batang bawah. Penggunaan bahan tanam karet asal kultur jaringan mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman yang mencapai 30–36%. Melalui kultur jaringan penyediaan klonal bahan tanam karet dapat dilakukan secara massal dan seragam dalam waktu yang cepat serta kualitas bibit yang lebih terjamin.
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