PENGARUH FILLER BENTONIT TERMODIFIKASI TERHADAP PERILAKU SIFAT MEKANIK EBONIT KARET ALAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.wp.v41i1.815Keywords:
karet alam, ebonit, bentonit, bahan pengisi, sifat mekanikAbstract
Karet ebonit mempunyai keunggulan karena sifat mekanik yang tinggi, kaku, dan keras namun cenderung mudah getas. Penambahan filler clay yang mengandung bentonit dinilai dapat mengurangi sifat getas karet ebonit. Studi ini mencoba membuat karet ebonit berbasis karet alam dengan variasi bentonit sebagai filler 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 phr yang dicampur sebagai masterbatch karet alam yang menggunakan surfaktan kationik, dengan karet alam jenis RSS 1, belerang 30 phr dan bahan aditif lain dengan waktu 90 menit dan suhu vulkanisasi 1600C. Uji sifat rheologi menunjukkan semakin bertambahnya masterbatch yang mengandung bentonit dan dan surfaktan kationik ditambahkan akan memberikan pelunakan pada komposit. Hasil pengujian kekerasan menunjukkan kenaikan dengan bertambahnya bentonit yang digunakan. Pengujian kuat tarik komposit b4 (4 phr bentonit) menghasilkan nilai tertinggi 41,3 N/mm2 dan modulus young 362,77 N/mm2. Hasil uji SEM menunjukkan permukaan lebih halus pada b4 dengan terbentuk agregat yang sangat kecil dibanding dengan b10 yang cenderung lebih besar ukuran agregat. komposit b4 mengindikasikan filler terdistribusi baik karena ukuran agregat kecil sehingga memberikan pengaruh terhadap kekuatan mekanik lebih tinggi dibanding dengan komposit b10 dengan agregat besar yang cenderung terjadi aglomerasi sehingga filler tidak terdistribusi dengan baik.
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