TEKNOLOGI DAN ANALISIS USAHATANI KOPI SEBAGAI TANAMAN SELA DI PERKEBUNAN KARET
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.wp.v41i2.910Keywords:
tumpang sari, jarak tanam ganda, tanaman sela, kopi, karetAbstract
Pendapatan rumah tangga petani karet saat ini sedang menurun. Hal ini berdampak pada rendahnya daya beli, kemampuan menabung, pembentukan modal usaha tani, tingkat kesehatan dan pendidikan keluarga petani karet. Petani memerlukan pendapatan yang relatif stabil sepanjang siklus penanaman karet. Petani saat ini dapat menanam tanaman sela diantara tanaman karet. Tanaman kopi (Coffea canephora) dapat menjadi opsi tanaman sela diantara tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis). Penanaman tanaman sela perlu mempertimbangkan faktor kompetisi antar komoditi sehingga diperlukan penyesuaian jarak tanam. Jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah jarak tanam ganda (JG) 19 m + (4 m x 2 m) dengan populasi karet 435 pohon/ha. Kopi ditanam diantara jarak tanam lebar dengan jarak tanam 2 m x 2 m dan jarak antara tanaman kopi dan karet adalah 5 m. Kajian ini ditulis dengan metode studi pustaka dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder dari buku, jurnal dan penelitian yang sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Hasil analisis pendapatan usaha tani tumpang sari tanaman karet dan kopi menunjukkan hasil positif. Pendapatan usaha tani karet monokultur sebesar Rp9.717.159,52 per tahun per hektar, sementara rata-rata pendapatan untuk usaha tani kopi sebagai tanaman sela sebesar Rp38.814.285 per tahun per hektar dan rata-rata penerimaan usaha tani karet dan kopi sistem JG sebesar Rp48.531.444. Nilai NPV sistem karet monokultur layak pada tingkat bunga investasi 5%, masing-masing sebesar Rp5,603,746,- untuk sistem jarak tunggal (JT) dan Rp2.819.424,- untuk sistem jarak ganda (JG).
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