PELAPIS LATEKS SEBAGAI ANTITRANSPIRAN PADA DAUN BIBIT TANAMAN KARET
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.wp.v42i2.947Keywords:
anti-transpiran, Hevea brasiliensis, lateksAbstract
Pengendalian laju transpirasi yang berlebihan pada tanaman karet dapat dilakukan dengan aplikasi bahan anti-transpiran untuk mengurangi konduktivitas stomata selama musim kemarau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh formula anti-transpiran lateks dengan berbagai konsentrasi terhadap laju transpirasi dan nilai Performance Index (PI) selama periode cekaman kekeringan. Bahan tanam dalam penelitian ini berupa bibit karet klon PB 260 satu payung daun yang ditanam pada polibeg berukuran 15 x 35 cm. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan split-plot dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah pemberian anti-transpiran tanpa anti-transpiran sebagai kontrol (A0), anti-transpiran lateks 7,5% (A7,5), anti-transpiran lateks 15% (A15), dan anti-transpiran lateks 22,5% (A22,5) pada daun. Faktor kedua adalah perlakuan stress kekeringan, yaitu kontrol (K) dan terminal stress (T). Parameter yang diamati meliputi luas daun, laju transpirasi, serta fluoresensi klorofil daun. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa Penggunaan anti-transpiran berbahan dasar lateks pada tanaman karet dapat menurunkan laju transpirasi oleh daun dan mempertahankan ketersediaan air dalam jangka waktu yang lebih lama. Konsentrasi anti-transpiran yang paling ideal diaplikasikan pada daun tanaman karet adalah 7,5%. Aplikasi antitranspiran dengan konsentrasi 7,5% dapat mengurangi laju transpirasi sebesar 0,05 dan 0,065 g/cm2 luas daun/hari pada perlakuan kontrol dan cekaman kekeringan (terminal stress) berturut-turut. Selain itu, perlakuan aplikasi antitranspiran dengan konsentrasi 7,5%, 15%, dan 22,5% telah dapat mengurangi laju transpirasi sekitar 50%, 50%, dan 75% berturut-turut dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol (tanpa anti-transpiran). Konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi dari pada 7,5% dapat menyebabkan penutupan stomata yang berlebihan sehingga berpotensi menyebabkan terbentuknya ROS yang berlebihan. Anti-transpiran ini dapat diaplikasikan sekali sebelum terjadinya musim kemarau/kekurangan air.
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