VULKANISASI LATEKS KARET ALAM DENGAN RADIASI ELEKTRON BEAM DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SINSITIZER MALEIK ANHIDRIDA
Abstract
Vulkanisasi lateks karet alam merupakan proses penting untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik dan stabilitas termal produk karet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh radiasi electron beam dalam vulkanisasi lateks karet alam dengan penambahan maleik anhidrida sebagai sensitizer. Penggunaan elektron beam sebagai metode crosslinking diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi vulkanisasi melalui pembentukan ikatan silang yang lebih optimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen laboratorium dengan pendekatan analisis kuantitatif. Variabel bebas yang diuji adalah dosis radiasi electron beam (10, 30, 50, 100, 150, dan 200 kGy) serta konsentrasi maleik anhidrida (1 dan 2 bsk). Sebagai pembanding, vulkanisasi karet alam juga dilakukan tanpa penambahan maleik anhidrida. Evaluasi hasil modifikasi (variabel terikat) dilakukan melalui pengujian derajat swelling, densitas ikatan silang, fraksi gel, serta sifat fisik vulkanisat karet, yang mencakup kuat tarik, kuat sobek, modulus 300%, dan perpanjangan putus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan maleik anhidrida secara signifikan meningkatkan densitas ikatan silang, yang berdampak pada peningkatan kuat tarik, kuat sobek, modulus, dan perpanjangan putus. Selain itu, dosis electron beam optimum ditemukan pada 150 kGy, dengan konsentrasi maleik anhidrida optimum sebesar 1 bsk, yang memberikan keseimbangan terbaik antara sifat mekanik dan elastisitas vulkanisat.
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