VULKANISASI LATEKS KARET ALAM DENGAN RADIASI ELEKTRON BEAM DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SENSITIZER MALEIK ANHIDRIDA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.jpk.v43i2.1108Keywords:
karet alam, radiasi elektron beam, maleik anhidrida, vulkanisasi, sifat mekanikAbstract
Vulkanisasi lateks karet alam merupakan proses penting untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik dan stabilitas termal produk karet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh radiasi elektron beam terhadap proses vulkanisasi lateks karet alam dengan penambahan maleik anhidrida sebagai sensitizer. Penggunaan elektron beam sebagai metode pembentukan ikatan silang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi vulkanisasi sekaligus mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap bahan kimia vulkanisasi konvensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen laboratorium dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Variabel bebas yang diuji meliputi dosis radiasi elektron beam sebesar 10, 30, 50, 100, 150, dan 200 kGy serta konsentrasi maleik anhidrida sebesar 1 dan 2 bsk. Sebagai pembanding, lateks karet alam tanpa penambahan maleik anhidrida juga divulkanisasi pada kondisi iradiasi yang sama. Kinerja vulkanisasi dievaluasi melalui
pengujian derajat swelling, densitas ikatan silang, fraksi gel, serta sifat mekanik karet vulkanisat yang meliputi kuat tarik, kuat sobek, modulus pada regangan 300%, dan perpanjangan putus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan maleik anhidrida secara signifikan meningkatkan densitas ikatan silang, yang berkorelasi langsung dengan peningkatan kuat tarik, kuat sobek, dan modulus karet vulkanisat. Kombinasi dosis iradiasi elektron beam sebesar 150 kGy dengan konsentrasi maleik anhidrida 1 bsk memberikan keseimbangan terbaik antara kekuatan mekanik dan elastisitas karet. Temuan ini menegaskan peran maleik anhidrida sebagai sensitizer yang efektif dalam proses vulkanisasi berbasis iradiasi elektron beam, karena mampu mempercepat pembentukan radikal bebas dan meningkatkan efisiensi pembentukan ikatan silang pada dosis iradiasi yang lebih rendah. Secara teoritis, penelitian ini memperkaya pemahaman mekanisme pembentukan jaringan ikatan silang karet alam akibat radiasi, sementara secara praktis menawarkan pendekatan vulkanisasi yang lebih ramah lingkungan sebagai alternatif terhadap proses vulkanisasi konvensional berbasis sulfur.
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