PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN DAN KEBERHASILAN OKULASI BATANG BAWAH KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) BERDASARKAN ASAL BAHAN TANAM DAN KLON
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.jpk.v44i1.1310Keywords:
batang bawah karet, asal bahan tanam, klon karet, pertumbuhan vegetatif, pembibitan karetAbstract
Abstrak
Ketersediaan biji dari klon anjuran sebagai sumber batang bawah masih terbatas, sementara kebutuhan bahan tanam masih ada. Selain itu, dalam praktik pembibitan terdapat variasi asal bahan tanam batang bawah, namun penelitian mengenai pengaruh asal bahan tanam terhadap pertumbuhan batang bawah karet masih relatif terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh asal bahan tanam dan klon terhadap pertumbuhan batang bawah tanaman karet pada fase pembibitan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun pembibitan Pusat Penelitian Karet, Kabupaten Banyuasin, Sumatra Selatan, dari Mei hingga November 2025. Percobaan disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan pola tersarang, di mana faktor utama adalah asal batang bawah yang terdiri atas Tanaman Belum Menghasilkan (TBM), Tanaman Menghasilkan (TM), dan Tanaman Menghasilkan cabutan (TM cabutan), sedangkan klon tersarang dalam asal. Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang tiga kali dengan sepuluh tanaman per satuan percobaan. Variabel yang diamati meliputi daya kecambah, tinggi tanaman, laju pertambahan tinggi, diameter batang, laju pertambahan diameter, serta biomassa akar, batang, dan daun. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan uji lanjut Tukey pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asal bahan tanam dan klon memengaruhi performa pertumbuhan batang bawah karet. Rerata daya kecambah pada asal TM (65,57%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan TBM (45,36%), yang menunjukkan viabilitas benih lebih baik pada tanaman menghasilkan. Asal TM juga menunjukkan rerata tinggi tanaman (138,94 cm) dan laju pertumbuhan tinggi (18,76 cm/bulan) tertinggi dibandingkan asal lainnya. Diameter batang dan laju pertambahan diameter terbesar umumnya ditemukan pada asal TM, terutama pada klon IRR 112. Biomassa akar, batang, dan daun juga cenderung lebih tinggi pada asal TM, sedangkan TM cabutan menunjukkan nilai terendah pada sebagian besar parameter pertumbuhan. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asal bahan tanam dari tanaman menghasilkan memberikan performa pertumbuhan batang bawah yang lebih baik dibandingkan asal lainnya.
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