KAJIAN PRODUKSI LATEKS, INDEKS PENYUMBATAN DAN KADAR PADATAN TOTAL PADA POPULASI BIPARENTAL UNTUK MENGIDENTIFIKASI GENOTIPE KARET BERPRODUKSI TINGGI PADA PENYADAPAN FREKUENSI RENDAH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.jpk.v44i1.1339Keywords:
Hevea brasiliensis, genotip parameter fisiologi, aliran lateks, sistem penyadapanAbstract
Abstrak
Keterbatasan tenaga penyadap dan tingginya biaya penyadapan menjadi tantangan utama dalam industri karet alam. Sistem Low-Frequency Tapping (LFT) dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi tenaga kerja, mengurangi konsumsi kulit sadap, dan mempertahankan produktivitas tanaman. Keberhasilan penerapan LFT memerlukan genotipe yang mampu menghasilkan lateks tinggi pada frekuensi sadap rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi genotipe-genotipe unggul hasil persilangan biparental PB 260 × SP 217 yang berpotensi diterapkan pada sistem penyadapan LFT melalui evaluasi produksi lateks, indeks penyumbatan (Plugging Index/PI), dan kadar padatan total (Total Solid Content/TSC), serta membandingkan performanya dengan klon-klon komersial. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pusat Penelitian Karet Sembawa, Sumatera Selatan, menggunakan 192 genotipe biparental dan 8 klon komersial sebagai pembanding. Pengamatan dilakukan pada sistem penyadapan S/2 d7 ET 2,5% 2w. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA), korelasi, regresi linear sederhana, dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produksi lateks berkisar antara 2,89–43,35 g karet kering per pohon per sadap. Sebanyak 74 genotipe memiliki produksi lebih tinggi dibandingkan PB 260 sebagai klon komersial dengan hasil terbaik. Nilai PI berkisar antara 6,79–58,18% dan berkorelasi negatif dengan produksi lateks (R² = 0,355), menunjukkan bahwa genotipe dengan PI rendah cenderung memiliki hasil yang lebih tinggi. Sebaliknya, TSC berkisar antara 38,06–63,70% dan tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan produksi lateks (R² = 0,031). Berdasarkan hasil seleksi, genotipe G054, G232, G185, G229, G048, G254, G253, G217, G035, dan G246 merupakan sepuluh genotipe dengan produksi lateks tertinggi, dengan kisaran produksi 35,64–43,35 g karet kering per pohon per sadap.
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