SIFAT KARET MENTAH DAN VULKANISAT KARET ALAM DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ASAM AMINO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.jpk.v39i2.785Keywords:
asam amino, karet alam, kandungan gel, sifat fisikaAbstract
Pembuatan karet viskositas mantap biasanya menggunakan hidroksil amine sulfate (HNS) sebagai bahan penstabil viskositas yang ditambahkan ke dalam lateks karet alam. Akan tetapi HNS bersifat korosif sehingga perlu digantikan dengan bahan kimia lain yang tidak korosif seperti asam amino. Pada penelitian ini, penambahan asam amino (glisin dan arginin) ke dalam lateks karet alam diinvestigasi untuk memperbaiki sifat karet mentah, kompon, dan vulkanisat karet alamnya. Pada penelitian ini dosis asam amino (glisin dan arginin) yang digunakan disesuaikan dengan dosis HNS yang biasa diterapkan di dalam praktek, yaitu sebanyak 0,15% berat karet kering. Lateks karet alam dengan kandungan gel tinggi yang didapat dari pohon karet tua digunakan pada penelitian ini. Sifat karet mentah seperti sifat plastisitas, kandungan gel, plasticity retention index (PRI), dan kestabilan pada saat penyimpanan diobservasi. Sementara itu karakteristik pematangan dan sifat vulkanisat karet alam dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan rheometer dan universal tension machine. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan asam amino dapat meningkatkan PRI dan untuk sampel yang mengandung arginin dan penstabil dapat menurunkan kandungan gel dan karet mentah stabil pada saat penyimpanan dibandingkan dengan sampel tanpa penambahan arginin dan penstabil. Dengan adanya penurunan kandungan gel di dalam karet mentah dapat meningkatkan derajat ikatan silang dari vulkanisat karet alam menyebabkan peningkatkan sifat kuat tarik karet alam. Arginin merupakan asam amino polar yang cocok digunakan untuk meningkatkan sifat karet mentah dan memudahkan pemrosesan serta menghasilkan peningkatan sifat kuat tarik vulkanisat karet alamnya.
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