KARAKTERISASI ISOLAT PESTALOTIOPSIS PADA KARET (Hevea brasiliensis) MENGGUNAKAN KARAKTER MORFOLOGI DAN MOLEKULER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.jpk.v39i2.798Keywords:
karet, molekuler, morfologi, penyakit gugur daun, PestalotiopsisAbstract
Penyakit gugur daun Pestalotiopsis yang disebabkan oleh Pestalotiopsis sp. pada tanaman karet telah menjadi penyakit yang merugikan sejak tahun 2017 di pertanaman karet Indonesia. Hampir semua klon rekomendasi dan semua stadia tanaman karet terserang penyakit yang mengakibatkan penurunan produksi lateks. Informasi patogen mengenai karakter morfologi dan molekuler diperlukan untuk mengetahui siklus hidup dan biologi patogen tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi spesies Pestalotiopsis yang menyerang tanaman karet di wilayah Sumatra Selatan secara morfologi dan molekuler. Sampel daun yang terinfeksi penyakit gugur daun diambil dari Kebun Percobaan Pusat Penelitian Karet, Desa Lalang Sembawa, Kabupaten Banyuasin, Sumatra Selatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Proteksi Pusat Penelitian Karet dan Laboratorium Mikologi dan Biomolekuler Karantina Tumbuhan, Balai Besar Uji Standar Karantina Pertanian (BBUSKP), Jakarta pada bulan April hingga Desember 2019. Metode pada penelitian ini diawali pengambilan sampel dari beberapa tanaman inang yang bergejala, kemudian dilakukan isolasi pada media PDA, dimurnikan, kemudian dilakukan identifikasi morfologi pada masing-masing isolat, selanjutnya dilakukan analisa PCR dan hasil PCR yang terpilih dilanjutkan dengan sequencing. Hasi penelitian ini menunjukkan morfologi Pestalotiopsis dibedakan berdasarkan bentuk konidia, ukuran konidia, jumlah septat, warna pigmen, serta bentuk sel basal dan sel tengah. Spesies Pestalotiopsis yang diperoleh berdasarkan pengamatan morfologi yaitu P. microspore, P. linearis, P. quepinii, P. kunmingensis, P clavate, dan P. cocos. Hasil amplifikasi cendawan daun karet ini diperoleh 7 jenis isolat yang memiliki ukuran pita DNA yang berbeda, dan diperoleh 2 jenis cendawan gugur daun dari hasil sequensing yaitu Pseudopestalotiopsis coccos strain CBS 272,29 dan Neopestalotiopsis cubana strain CBS 600,96.
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