KARAKTERISTIK PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT BATANG BAWAH KARET YANG DIAPLIKASIKAN CENDAWAN DSE (DARK SEPTATE ENDOPHYTE)

Mochlisin Andriyanto; Chairani  HANUM; HASANUDDIN HASANUDDIN; Miftahul Huda FENDIYANTO; Cici Indriani DALIMUNTHE

doi:10.22302/ppk.jpk.v42i2.998

Authors

Mochlisin Andriyanto
Chairani HANUM
HASANUDDIN HASANUDDIN
Miftahul Huda FENDIYANTO
Cici Indriani DALIMUNTHE

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.jpk.v42i2.998

Keywords:

isolat DSE, hambatan pertumbuhan, karakter fisiologi, karet, batang bawah

Abstract

Pembibitan batang bawah karet seringkali terkendala oleh adanya penyakit jamur akar putih (JAP), morfologi akar pendek dan kerdil. Salah satu upaya untuk menekan hal tersebut dilakukan dengan inokulasi cendawan DSE. Banyak penelitian menunjukkan respon pertumbuhan tanaman tahunan dan musiman meningkat setelah diaplikasikan DSE. Keragaman cendawan DSE lokal perakaran karet asal Sumatera Utara belum banyak dieksplorasi dan diketahui efektivitas dalam pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi pengaruh DSE terhadap pertumbuhan dan fisiologi tanaman batang bawah karet. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAK) non faktorial dengan perlakuan aplikasi DSE isolat KHPSG, KLAJI, KRPPT dan kontrol (non isolat). Parameter pengamatan yaitu tinggi, diameter, panjang tangkai daun, jumlah daun, kadar IAA daun, gula total, dan total klorofil. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa DSE mempengaruhi karakter pertumbuhan tinggi, diameter batang, panjang tangkai daun, jumlah munculnya daun, kadar IAA daun, gula total dan total klorofil. Pengaruh DSE pada tanaman di pembibitan batang bawah polibeg diketahui terjadi saat fase awal pertumbuhan. Isolat KHPSG dan KLAJI merupakan isolat terbaik dan berpotensi dapat dijadikan sebagai stimulan hayati tanaman.

References

Adimihardja, S.A. (1999). Indentifikasi inkompatibilitas batang atas dan batang bawah pada sistem okulasi karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg). Tesis, Program Pascasarjana, IPB.

Admojo, L., dan Prasetyo, N. E. (2019). Pengaruh okulasi bertingkat terhadap pertumbuhan bibit karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.) asal stek. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 37(1),31-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.jpk.v37i1.623

Akhir, J, Budi, S W, Herliyana, E N, Surono. (2022). Lignocellulolytic enzyme potential of dark septate endophyte (DSE) from Pinus merkusii roots in Dramaga Bogor Indonesia. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 959:01203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012031

Azmi, C., Rahayu, A, Saadah, I.R., Wulandari, A.W., Sahat, J.P., Jayanti, H., Susilowati, D.N., and Surono. (2022). Use of dark septate endophyte (DSE) for true shallot seed (TSS) germination. Seminar Nasional Bioteknologi Vii Universitas Gadjah Mada,196-222. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362703904_Use_of_dark_septate_endophyte_DSE_for_true_shallot_seed_TSS_germination

Baron, N. C., Rigobelo, E. C. (2021). Endophytic fungi: a tool for plant growth promotion and sustainable agriculture. Mycology. 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2021.1945699

Bintarti, A.F. (2015). Perkembangan kultur in vitro pada tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis, Müell. Arg.) melalui embriogenesis somatik di Cirad Perancis. Warta Perkaretan, 34 (1), 1-10.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.wp.v34i1.58

Carr, M.K.V. (2012). The water relations of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis): A review. Experimental Agriculture, 48(02), 176-193.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479711000901

Dalimunthe, C.I., Soekarno, B.P.W, Munif, A, Surono. (2019). Selection and potential test of dark septate endophytes fungus as biological agent of white root rot disease (Rigidoporus microporus) on the rubber plant Indonesian. J. Nat. Rubb. Res , 37(1), 11 – 20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.jpk.v37i1.624.

Dalimunthe. C.I., Surono, Soekarno, B.P.W., Al-Ani, L.K.T., Munif, A., Sriherwanto, C., and Nurdebyandaru, N. (2023). First report of inhibitory abilities of dark septate endophytic fungi against white root rot disease on Hevea brasiliensis seedlings in nursery conditions. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control , 33:81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-023-00725-9

Darojat, M.R., dan Sayurandi. (2018). Status klon-klon karet seri IRR hasil kegiatan pemuliaan indonesia dan adopsinya di perkebunan karet Indonesia. Perspektif , 17(2), 101- 116. DOI: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/psp.v17n2.2018

Daud, N.W., Mokhatar, S.J., anda Ishak, C. F. (2012). Assessment of selected Hevea brasiliensis (RRIM 2000 Series) seeds for rootstocks production. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(12), 3209-3216. DOI https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR12.272

Deng, X., Song, X., Halifu, S., Yu, W., and Song, R. (2020). Effects of dark septate endophytes strain A024 on damping-off biocontrol, plant growth and the rhizosphere soil enviroment of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Annual Seedlings. Plants, 9(7), 913. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070913

Fu, S. F., Wei, J. Y., Chen, H. W., Liu, Y. Y., Lu, H. Y., & Chou, J. Y. (2015). Indole-3-acetic acid: A widespread physiological code in interactions of fungi with other organisms. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 10(8). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2015.1048052

Guo, X., Schrader, J., Shi, P., Jiao, Y., Miao, Q., Xue, J., and Niklas, K.J. (2023) Leaf-age and petiole biomass play signi?can troles in leaf scaling theory. Front. Plant Sci. 14, 1322245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1322245 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1322245

Handayani, D. (2016). Keberadaan cendawan dark septate endophyte (DSE) pada sistem perakaran benih Shorea selanica. Eksakta, 1, 38-44. https://ejournal.unp.ac.id/index.php/eksakta/article/view/6100.

Herlina, L., Pukan, K.K, dan Mustikaningtyas, D. (2016). Kajian bakteri endofit penghasil IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) untuk pertumbuhan tanaman. Sainteknol, 4(1), 51-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/sainteknol.v14i1.7616

Hidayat, I. (2019). Dark septate endophytes and their role in enhancing plant resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. In R. Z. Sayyed et al. (eds.), Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Sustainable Stress Management, Microorganisms for Sustainability, 12, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6536-2_3

Im Toy, B. A., Langkuin, J. F., Karwur, F. F., Setyawan, B., Berlian, I., Rondonuwu, F. S., Martosupono, M., & da Costa, J. F. (2018). Komparasi morfologi beberapa koloni jamur akar putih (Rigidoporus microporus) dari perkebunan karet di Jawa Tengah dan Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 36(2), 137–146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.jpk.v36i2.562

Junaidi, Atminingsih, dan Siagian. (2014). Pengaruh jenis mata entres dan klon terhadap keberhasilan okulasi dan pertumbuhan tunas pada okulasi hijau di polibeg. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(1), 21-30. DOI:https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.jpk.v32i1.146

Karyudi, Siagian, N., dan Hanafiah, A. (2004). Osmoregulasi tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis) sebagai respon terhadap cekaman air. II Hubungan antara kapasitas osmoregulasi denhttps://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.jpk.v36i2.562 gan pertumbuhan tanaman dan status hara daun. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 22(1), 69-80.

Li, W., Yao, J., He, C., Ren, Y., Zhao, L., and He, X. (2023). The synergy of dark septate endophytes and organic residue on Isatis indigotica growth and active ingredients accumulation under drought stress. Industrial Crops & Products 203, 117147. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117147

Li, X., Liu, Y., Ye, Q., Xu, M., and He, X. (2022). Application of desert DSEs to nonhost plants: potential to promote growth and alleviate drought stress of wheat seedlings. Agriculture, 12, 1539. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101539

Li, Y., and Wang, Z. (2021). Leaf morphological traits: Ecological function, geographic distribution and drivers. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 45(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0405

Liu, S., Xiong, Z., Zhang, Z., Wei, Y., Xiong, D., Wang, F., and Huang, J. (2023). Exploration of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics gene regulatory in rice (Oryza sativa L.): a genome-wide association study. Front. Plant Sci. 14,1234866. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1234866

Maiden, N.A, Ali, N.S., Ahmad, K., Atan, S., and Wong, M.Y. (2022). Growth and physiological responses of Hevea brasiliensis to Rigidoporus microporus infection. Journal of Rubber Research, 25, 213–221. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42464-022-00156-5.

Manalu, J.N., Soekarno, B.P.W., Tondok, E.T., Surono. (2020). Isolation and capability of dark septate endophyte against mancozeb fungicide. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia. 2020; 25(2): 193-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.25.2.193

Mattjik, A. A., dan Sumertajaya, I. M.. (2013). Perancangan Percobaan dengan Aplikasi SAS dan Minitab. IPB Press.

Maurya, D., Pandey, A.K., Kumar, V., Dubey, S., and Prakash, V. (2019). Grafting techniques in vegetable crops: A review. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7(2), 1664-1672. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333186096_Grafting_techniques_in_vegetable_crops_A_review

Meudt, W.J, and Gaines, T.P. (1967). Studies on the okxidation of indone-3-acetid acid by peroxidase enzymes. I. colorimetric determination od indone-3-acetid acic oxidation products. Plant Physion, 42, 1395-1399. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1086736/pdf/plntphys00502-0081.pdf

Nayanakantha, N.M.C., Panditharatha, B.M.S.S., Senevitane, P., and Dissanayaka, E.U.M.D.Z. (2017). Assessment of growth and bud-grafting performance of selected clonal seedling rootstocks of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis). Conference: First International Symposium on Agriculture , Eastern University of Sri LankaAt: Eastern University, Chenkalady, 94-103. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349760647_Assessment_of_growth_and_bud-grafting_performance_of_selected_clonal_seedling_rootstocks_of_rubber_Hevea_brasiliensis

Ngon, R.M.A, Ehabe, E.E., and Njukeng, J.N. (2022). Clonal variations in seed characters and germination in Hevea brasiliensis. Journal of Plantation Crops, 50(3), 125-128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2022.v50.i3.7881

Pandey, A. (2019). Are dark septate endophytes bioindicators of climate in mountain ecosystems?. Rhizosphere, 9, 110–111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2019.01.001

Pasaribu, S.A. (2021). Studi fenologi dan molekuler klon karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) IRR seri 400 sebagai batang atas terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Disertasi. Program Doktor Ilmu Pertanian, Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Pasaribu, S.A., and Basyuni, M. (2023). Procedure of total sugar content, proline, chlorophyll a, b, total, SOD, POD, H2O2 and APX. Protocols.io. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.5jyl8je1dg2w/v1

Pasaribu, S.A., Basyuni, M., Purba, E., and Hasanah, Y. (2023). Physiological characteristics of IRR 400 series rubber clones (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) under drought stress. F1000Research, 12, 106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.129421.4

Pasaribu, S.A., Prasetyo, N. E., dan Oktavia, F. (2023). Keunikan dan keseragaman klon karet IRR 220 dan IRR 429. Jurnal Penelitian Karet,41(2), 81-92. DOI:https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.jpk.v41i2.866

Qian, X., Liu, L., Chen, X., Zhang, X., Chen, S., and Sun, Q. (2023). Global leaf chlorophyll content dataset (GLCC) from 2003–2012 to 2018–2020 derived from MERIS and OLCI satellite data: algorithm and validation. Remote Sens. , 15, 700. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030700

Santos, L. F., & Olivares, F. L. (2021). Plant microbiome structure and benefits for sustainable agriculture. Current Plant Biology, 26, 100198. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2021.100198

Saragih, M, Trizelia, Nurbailis, Yusniwati. (2019). Endophytic colonization and plant growth promoting effect by entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana to red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) with different inoculation methods. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 305,012070 . DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/305/1/012070

Schwob, I., Ducher, M., and Coudret, A. (2000). An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus mosseae) induces a defence-like response in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) roots. J. Plant Physiol., 156, 284-287. http://www.urbanfischer.de/journals/jpp

Siagian, N. dan I. Suhendry. 2006. Teknologi terkini pengadaan bahan tanam karet unggul. Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih, Medan.

Wang, S., Bi, Y., Quan, W., and Christie, P. (2022). Growth and metabolism of dark septate endophytes and their stimulatory effects on plant growth. Fungal Biology, 126, 674-686. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2022.08.006

Yuliani, D., Soekarno, B.P.W, Munif, A., Surono. (2020). Antagonism potency of dark septate endophytes against Pyricularia oryzae for improving health of rice plants. Jurnal Agro.7(2),134-147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/9589